Soybean futures recorded a huge rally to finish out the tumultuous trading week, driven by a major purchase of US soybeans from unknown buyers. A potential supply disruption in Brazil, which is the largest producer in the world, also added to the spike in soybean prices on Friday.
May soybean futures surged $0.20, or 2.37%, to $8.6325 per bushel at 18:19 GMT on Friday on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBoT). Soybean posted a weekly jump of about 0.7%, slightly paring its year-to-date loss of 9.7%.
The agricultural commodity enjoyed a huge end-of-week boost on a recent overseas order of American crops. According to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), unknown buyers booked deals for 110,000 tons of American soybeans. Sources told Reuters that Chinese importers executed the transaction, but this was not confirmed by the US government.
This comes just days after the USDA reported that domestic inspections for shipments to China declined 25% to zero. The outstanding balance for soybean shipments fell to its lowest level since the 2014-2015 marketing year. After the final cargo is shipped to China, sales to China will have dried up for the first time since the spring of 2006.
For now, investors are paying attention to Argentina and Brazil, two huge markets for soybeans.
Farmers in Argentina have launched a strike to protest the government’s proposal to raise export taxes on soybeans. In December, the newly-elected left-leaning government introduced tariffs on soybean shipments to raise revenue to help ease its financial crisis and tackle its massive foreign debt. The government placed 27% levies on soybeans and 9% penalties on corn and wheat.
Brazil, meanwhile, is bracing for a significant decline in its soybean crop yield as the drought in Rio Grande do Sul intensifies. Several institutions have slashed their output estimates in half, while Brazilian consultancy AgRural decreased its production forecast by one million metric tons to 124.3 million metric tons. Experts are hoping that higher levels in other states can offset the losses in Rio Grande do Sul.
In recent weeks, there has been a huge push to buy Brazilian supplies due to the devalued real and a lack of border restrictions amid the COVID-19 global pandemic. This month, 57.8% of the 123.62 million metric tons in inventories were sold, up 10% from February. Brazil is the only South American country to refrain from shutting its borders in response to the coronavirus, meaning that its airports and ports are free to move any cargo.
In other agricultural commodities, May corn futures tumbled $0.0275, or 0.8%, to $3.4275 a pound. May wheat futures picked up $0.0525, or 0.98%, to $5.4025 per bushel. May orange juice futures dipped $0.008, or 0.76%, to $1.0475 a pound.

